Human Digestive system

digestive system of humans

Human digestive system

Humans' digestive systems begin in the mouth and conclude in the anus. The mouth, oesophagus, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, and anus are among the various organs that are included in it.

Digestive System in Humans

To turn food into energy for the body, a number of organs make up the digestive system in humans. Anatomically, the gastrointestinal tract is part of the digestive system, along with additional organs including the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The mouth, stomach, oesophagus, small intestine, and large intestine—which contains the rectum and anus—are the hollow organs that make up the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract).

The human digestive system and nutrition are concerned with an organism ingesting food and using it as fuel. This essential process enables living things to derive their energy from a variety of sources. Before the nutrients in the food we eat are used to produce energy, it goes through a lot of processing. Digestion is the name given to this processing. For this procedure, both humans and other animals have unique organs and systems.

The alimentary canal and a number of additional organ systems and accessory organs are all involved in the digestive process. Due to our monogastric nature, the process in humans is very straightforward. This means that unlike other species, such cows, who have four chambers, we only have a single stomach.

The digestive process also heavily involves certain aspects of the neurological and circulatory systems. Digestion is accomplished via a network of digestive system organs, including the nerves, bacteria, hormones, blood, and others.

Let's examine the digestive system in depth, including all of its components and jobs. Digestive system remarks are also included at the end of the chapter.

Human Digestive System Flow Chart

The several components of the human digestive system that transform food into vital nutrients absorbed by the body are shown in the diagram below.

Human Digestive System Components

The digestive system of the human body is made up of a collection of organs that collaborate to transform food into energy and other essential elements that the body needs to function. The food we consume is broken down and used by our body, and the leftovers are expelled in our faeces.

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT; sometimes known as the alimentary canal) and auxiliary organs make up the digestive system of the human body (tongue, liver, pancreas, etc.). In combination, these two components aid with digestion.

Our food is passed through a large tube called the alimentary canal. It starts in the mouth (buccal or oral cavity), travels via the pharynx, oesophagus or food pipe, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, and finally ends at the anus. When the food particles go through the various sections of the alimentary canal, they are gradually digested.

Accessory organs are those that aid in digesting but are not actually a component of the GIT. They encourage digestion by releasing certain enzymes that aid in food breakdown.

Let's take a closer look at the digestive system of the human body, including all of its components and jobs:

MOUTH

Food first enters the body through the mouth or oral cavity. The teeth, salivary glands, and tongue are just a few of the additional organs that play a role in digestion. Saliva is used to moisten teeth, which are used to break up food particles into small pieces before the tongue pushes them into the pharynx.

Pharynx

a fibromuscular y-shaped tube joined to the mouth's terminal end. It mostly aids in the movement of food that has been chewed or crushed through the oesophagus from the mouth. It plays a significant role in the respiratory system as well because the pharynx is where air passes through on its path from the nasal cavity to the lungs.

Oesophagus

The pharynx, which is a component of the upper gastrointestinal tract, is connected by a muscular tube. It also provides the length of food that has been swallowed.

Stomach

It functions as a muscle bag and is located beneath the diaphragm on the left side of the abdominal cavity. This important organ serves as a food store and gives the body time to digest meals. Moreover, the stomach produces hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes to keep the digestive process running smoothly.

1).MUCOUS

The mucous membranes create mucous, which is an aqueous excretion. It works by preventing the acid that is produced by the glands to kill the bacteria that entered with the food particles from damaging the stomach lining and gastric pits.

2).Digestive enzymes

Digestive enzymes are a class of enzymes that work by dissolving large polymeric macromolecules, such as biopolymers, into smaller, more basic components.

3).hydrochloric acid

The digestive liquid produced by the stomach during digestion is known as hydrochloric acid. It works by eliminating dangerous germs that are present in the food particles.

small intestine

The lower gastrointestinal system includes the small intestine, which is a 10-foot-long, thin tube. It occupies the largest portion of the abdominal cavity and is located just behind the stomach. The interior surface of the small intestine is covered in folds and ridges and is completely coiled.

LARGE INTESTINE 

This tube is about five feet long, thick, and wide. It extends over the superior and lateral margins of the small intestine and is located directly below the stomach. It includes bacteria that help break down wastes to obtain tiny nutrients and absorbs water.

Rectum

The rectum at the end of the big intestine is where waste items are moved into be expelled from the body as stool. It is kept as semi-solid faeces in the rectum and eventually passes from the body through the anal canal during defecation.

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Digestive System

The large intestine's primary role is to absorb water from undigested food and promote bacterial fermentation of substances that can no longer be digested. Digestion starts in the mouth and ends in the small intestine.

The gastrointestinal tract, also known as the alimentary canal, is made up of a number of hollow organs and tubes that extend from the mouth cavity into the pharynx, the stomach, the small and large intestines, and finally finish at the anus. When food particles move through the gastrointestinal tract's distinct sections, digestion gradually takes place.

The following steps are involved in the digestive process.

Ingestion

Mastication is the initial process (chewing). Before food is forced down into the food pipe, the tongue and salivary glands work to lubricate and moisten it.

Movement and MIXING 

It entails lubricating and modifying food as it is pushed through the food pipe and into the stomach (using peristalsis).

Secretion

Digestive enzymes and acids are secreted by the stomach, small intestine, liver, and pancreas. It works by dissolving food particles into basic, quickly assimilated components.

Digestion

the process by which complex food particles are broken down into simpler elements in the presence of acids and enzymes released by various digestive organs.

ABSORPTION 

The small intestine, where the majority of nutrients and minerals are absorbed, is where this process starts. The big intestines take up any extra water present in the indigestible material.

EXCRETION

the procedure of eliminating waste products and indigestible substances from the body by faeces.

The six phases that make up the digestion process are, in brief, as follows:

Consumption, mixing, and motion The secretion Excretion, Ingestion, and Digestion.

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